bdNorth East.co.uk

I O P D

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Helford Road
Peterlee, Co. Durham
SR8 1ER


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i

In Semitic, the letter was probably originally a pictogram for an arm with hand, derived from a similar hieroglyph that represented a voiced pharyngeal fricative in Egyptian, but was reassigned to /j/ by Semites, because their word for "arm" began with that sound. This letter could also be used to represent /i/, the close front unrounded vowel, mainly in foreign words.

The Greeks adopted a form of this Phoenician yodh as their letter iota to represent /i/, the same as in the Old Italic alphabet. In Latin , it was also used to represent /j/. The modern letter ‹j› was firstly a variation of ‹i›, and both were used interchangeably for both the vowel and the consonant, coming to be differentiated only in the 16th century. The dot over the lowercase ''i'' is sometimes called a tittle. In the Turkish alphabet, dotted and dotless I are considered separate letters, representing a front and back vowel, respectively, and both have upper-case and lowercase forms.

In modern English, ‹i› represents different sounds, either a "long" diphthong /aɪ/, which developed from Middle English /iː/ after the Great Vowel Shift of the 15th century, or the "short", /ɪ/ as in bill.

o

1. O, type O, group O, blood group, blood type
usage: the blood group whose red cells carry neither the A nor B antigens; "people with type O blood are universal donors"
2. oxygen, O, atomic number 8, chemical element, element, gas
usage: a nonmetallic bivalent element that is normally a colorless odorless tasteless nonflammable diatomic gas; constitutes 21 percent of the atmosphere by volume; the most abundant element in the earth''s crust
3. O, letter, letter of the alphabet, alphabetic character
usage: the 15th letter of the Roman alphabet

p

1. the sixteenth letter of the English alphabet, a consonant.
2. any spoken sound represented by the letter P or p, as in pet, supper, top, etc.
3. something having the shape of a P.
4. a written or printed representation of the letter P or p.
5. a device, as a printer''s type, for reproducing the letter P or p.
In English and most other European languages, P is a voiceless bilabial plosive. Both initial and final Ps can be combined with many other discrete consonants in English words. A common example of assimilation is the tendency of prefixes ending in N to assume an M sound before Ps .

d

The Semitic letter Dβlet probably developed from the logogram for a fish or a door. There are various Egyptian hieroglyphs that might have inspired this. In Semitic, Ancient Greek, and Latin, the letter represented /d/; in the Etruscan alphabet the letter was superfluous but still retained . The equivalent Greek letter is Delta, ‹Δ›.

The minuscule form of ‹d› consists of a loop and a tall vertical stroke. It developed by gradual variations on the majuscule form. In handwriting, it was common to start the arc to the left of the vertical stroke, resulting in a serif at the top of the arc. This serif was extended while the rest of the letter was reduced, resulting in an angled stroke and loop. The angled stroke slowly developed into a vertical stroke. In most languages using the Latin alphabet, ‹d› represents the voiced alveolar plosive /d/, but in the Vietnamese alphabet it represents the sound /z/ in the north and /j/ in the south. In Fijian it represents a prenasalized stop /nd/. In some languages where voiceless unaspirated stops contrast with voiceless aspirated stops, ‹d› represents an unaspirated /t/, while ‹t› represents an aspirated /tʰ/. Examples of such languages include Icelandic, Scottish Gaelic, Navajo, and the Pinyin transliteration of Mandarin.



peterlee

Peterlee is a new town in County Durham, England. Founded in 1948, Peterlee town originally mostly housed coal miners.

Peterlee has strong economic and community ties with Sunderland and Hartlepool.
The case for Peterlee was put forth vigorously in Farewell Squalor by Easington Rural District Council Surveyor C.W. Clarke, who also proposed that the town was named after the celebrated Durham miners'' leader Peter Lee. Peterlee is unique among the new towns which came into being after the Second World War in that it was the only one requested by the people through their MP – though whether a majority of the people living in the surrounding colliery villages actually wanted it to be built is disputable. It can be argued that the building of Peterlee was at the expense of such nearby colliery villages as Thornley and Wheatley Hill where development was deliberately suppressed by the local council in favour of the new town. The colliery village of Horden has, however, suffered perhaps more; its proximity to Peterlee has seen it lose all of its major services, including police and fire stations to the new town.

Peterlee is served by two main roads, The A19 runs to the west of the town leading to Sunderland in the north and Teesside in the south, the A1086 runs to the east of the town leading to Easington in the north and Hartlepool to the south. The B1320 runs through the town centre linking the town to Horden and the A1086 in the east and Shotton Colliery and the A19 in the west. The B1432 runs north from the town centre to Easington Village, Hawthorn and Seaham on the route of the old A19.
Peterlee is served by Arriva North East and Go North East who provide services around the town the surrounding villages and to the following towns and cities: Newcastle, Gateshead, South Shields, Sunderland, Houghton-le-Spring, Durham, Hartlepool, Sedgefield, Newton Aycliffe, Billingham, Stockton, Thornaby, Middlesbrough, Darlington; there is also a bus to the MetroCentre. Other bus operators include Scarlett Band who run services to Spennymoor and Bishop Auckland.