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G D Edwards

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16 Patterdale Gardens
Newcastle Upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear
NE7 7QX


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G D Edwards Details:

Painting And Glazing

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g

The letter G was introduced in the Old Latin period as a variant of ‹c› to distinguish voiced /ɡ/ from voiceless /k/. The recorded originator of ‹g› is freedman Spurius Carvilius Ruga, the first Roman to open a fee-paying school, who taught around 230 BC. At this time ‹k› had fallen out of favor, and ‹c›, which had formerly represented both /ɡ/ and /k/ before open vowels, had come to express /k/ in all environments.

Ruga''s positioning of ‹g› shows that alphabetic order, related to the letters'' values as Greek numerals, was a concern even in the 3rd century BC. Sampson suggests that: "Evidently the order of the alphabet was felt to be such a concrete thing that a new letter could be added in the middle only if a ''space'' was created by the dropping of an old letter." According to some records, the original seventh letter, ‹z›, had been purged from the Latin alphabet somewhat earlier in the 3rd century BC by the Roman censor Appius Claudius, who found it distasteful and foreign.

Eventually, both velar consonants /k/ and /ɡ/ developed palatalized allophones before front vowels, leading to the situation today''s Romance languages where, ‹c› and ‹g› have different sound values depending on context. Because of French influence, English also has this feature in its orthography.

d

The Semitic letter Dβlet probably developed from the logogram for a fish or a door. There are various Egyptian hieroglyphs that might have inspired this. In Semitic, Ancient Greek, and Latin, the letter represented /d/; in the Etruscan alphabet the letter was superfluous but still retained . The equivalent Greek letter is Delta, ‹Δ›.

The minuscule form of ‹d› consists of a loop and a tall vertical stroke. It developed by gradual variations on the majuscule form. In handwriting, it was common to start the arc to the left of the vertical stroke, resulting in a serif at the top of the arc. This serif was extended while the rest of the letter was reduced, resulting in an angled stroke and loop. The angled stroke slowly developed into a vertical stroke. In most languages using the Latin alphabet, ‹d› represents the voiced alveolar plosive /d/, but in the Vietnamese alphabet it represents the sound /z/ in the north and /j/ in the south. In Fijian it represents a prenasalized stop /nd/. In some languages where voiceless unaspirated stops contrast with voiceless aspirated stops, ‹d› represents an unaspirated /t/, while ‹t› represents an aspirated /tʰ/. Examples of such languages include Icelandic, Scottish Gaelic, Navajo, and the Pinyin transliteration of Mandarin.



edwards

A surname.
This surname, with variant forms Edwardes and Edwardson, is a patronymic form of the early medieval English male given name Edward, itself coming from the Olde English pre 7th Century "Eadward", composed of the elements "ead", prosperity or fortune, plus "ward", guard; hence, "prosperity guard". The name was very popular in England and throughout the Continent largely as a result of the fame of the two canonized kings of England, Edward the Martyr , and Edward the Confessor . The personal name was first recorded in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, circa 800 A.D. as "Eadweard" and variously as "Eaduuardus" and "Eduuard" in the Domesday Book of 1086. William Edward, noted in the 1219 Curia Regis Rolls of Suffolk, is the first recorded bearer of the surname. The patronymic form first appears in Wales where it is still particularly widespread; Humphrey Edwards , signed the death-warrant of Charles 1st in 1649, and became commissioner of South Wales in 1651. John Edwards , translated the "Pilgrim''s Progress" into Welsh . The first recorded spelling of the family name is shown to be that of John Edwards, which was dated 1498, in the "Records of Chirk", Wales, during the reign of King Henry V11, known as "The Last Welsh King", 1485 - 1509.

newcastle upon tyne

Newcastle upon Tyne is a city and metropolitan borough of Tyne and Wear, in North East England. Situated on the north bank of the River Tyne, the city developed in the area that was the location of the Roman settlement called Pons Aelius, though it owes its name to the castle built in 1080, by Robert II, Duke of Normandy, the eldest son of William the Conqueror. The city grew as an important centre for the wool trade and it later became a major coal mining area. The port developed in the 16th century and, along with the shipyards lower down the river, was amongst the world''s largest shipbuilding and ship-repairing centres. These industries have since experienced severe decline and closure, and the city today is largely a business and cultural centre, with a particular reputation for nightlife.

Like most cities, Newcastle has a diverse cross section, from areas of poverty to areas of affluence. Among its main icons are Newcastle Brown Ale, a leading brand of beer, Newcastle United F.C., a Premier League team, and the Tyne Bridge. It has hosted the world''s most popular half marathon, the Great North Run, since it began in 1981.

tyne and wear

Prior to its uniform adoption of proportional representation in 1999, the United Kingdom used first-past-the-post for the European elections in England, Scotland and Wales. The European Parliament constituencies used under that system were smaller than the later regional constituencies and only had one Member of the European Parliament each.

The constituency of Tyne and Wear was one of them.

When it was created in England in 1984, it consisted of the Westminster Parliament constituencies of Gateshead East, Houghton and Washington, Jarrow, Newcastle-upon-Tyne East, South Shields, Sunderland North, Sunderland South, Tyne Bridge, although this may not have been true for the whole of its existence.