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Doushikai Karate

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146 Newcastle Road
Sunderland
Tyne & Wear
SR5 1NA



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karate

1. karate, martial art
usage: a traditional Japanese system of unarmed combat; sharp blows and kicks are given to pressure-sensitive points on the body of the opponent
Karate was developed in the Ryukyu Kingdom prior to its 19th century annexation by Japan. It was brought to the Japanese mainland in the early 20th century during a time of cultural exchanges between the Japanese and the Ryukyuans. In 1922 the Japanese Ministry of Education invited Gichin Funakoshi to Tokyo to give a karate demonstration. In 1924 Keio University established the first university karate club in Japan and by 1932, major Japanese universities had karate clubs. In this era of escalating Japanese militarism, the name was changed from ("Chinese hand") to – both of which are pronounced karate – to indicate that the Japanese wished to develop the combat form in Japanese style. After the Second World War, Okinawa became an important United States military site and karate became popular among servicemen stationed there.

The martial arts movies of the 1960s and 1970s served to greatly increase its popularity and the word karate began to be used in a generic way to refer to all striking-based Oriental martial arts. Karate schools began appearing across the world, catering to those with casual interest as well as those seeking a deeper study of the art.

Shigeru Egami, Chief Instructor of Shotokan Dojo, opined "that the majority of followers of karate in overseas countries pursue karate only for its fighting techniques...Movies and television...depict karate as a mysterious way of fighting capable of causing death or injury with a single blow...the mass media present a pseudo art far from the real thing." Shoshin Nagamine said "Karate may be considered as the conflict within oneself or as a life-long marathon which can be won only through self-discipline, hard training and one''s own creative efforts."

sunderland

Recorded as Sunderland, and sometimes Sincerland, this is an English medieval surname. It originates either from the prominent town of Sunderland in County Durham, or from lost villages and localities called Sunderland in the counties of Cumberland, Lancashire and Northumberland. Sunderland in Durham is first recorded as Suthlanda in the year 1177. It translates as the "south land", and refers to agricultural lands to the south of the main farm or settlement. The other places have a slightly different meaning of "land separated from a main estate", from the Olde English word sundor, meaning separate or divided. The famous English cleric and early historian, The Venerable Bede, was born in the Sundurlond of the abbey of Jarrow, according to his book "Historia Ecclesiastica", written in the 7th century. Early examples of the surname in church registers include Abrahame Sunderland, christened at Burnley in Lancashire, on March 11th 1580, whilst on January 19th 1583, Isabel Sunderland and Bartholomew Collyer were married at Houghton le Spring, County Durham. The first recorded spelling of the family name is shown to be that of Adam de Sunderland, and dated 1292, in the Pipe Rolls of Lancashire. This was during the reign of King Edward 1st of England and known as The Hammer of the Scots, 1272 - 1307.

tyne & wear

Tyne and Wear is a metropolitan county in North East England around the mouths of the Rivers Tyne and Wear. It came into existence as a metropolitan county in 1974 after the passage of the Local Government Act 1972. It consists of the five metropolitan boroughs of South Tyneside, North Tyneside, City of Newcastle upon Tyne, Gateshead and the City of Sunderland.

North Tyneside and Newcastle upon Tyne had previously existed within the historic county of Northumberland, whereas South Tyneside, Gateshead and Sunderland were all previously within the borders of County Durham, with the River Tyne forming the border of the two counties.

Tyne and Wear is bounded on the east by the North Sea, and as a Ceremonial county, shares borders with Northumberland to the north and County Durham to the south.

Tyne and Wear County Council was abolished in 1986, and so its districts are now effectively unitary authorities. However, the metropolitan county continues to exist in law and as a geographic frame of reference.