bdNorth East.co.uk

Archway Paving

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23 Denmark Street
Newcastle Upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear
NE6 2XF


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archway

1. arch, archway, entrance, entranceway, entryway, entry, entree
usage: a passageway under an arch
1. an entrance or passage under an arch.
2. a covering or enclosing arch.
An arch is a structure that spans a space while supporting weight . Arches appeared as early as the 2nd millennium BC in Mesopotamian brick architecture and their systematic use started with the Ancient Romans who were the first to apply the technique to a wide range of structures.

The semicircular arch was followed in Europe by the pointed Gothic arch or ogive whose centreline more closely followed the forces of compression and which was therefore stronger. The semicircular arch can be flattened to make an elliptical arch as in the Ponte Santa Trinita. The parabolic and catenary arches are now known to be the theoretically strongest forms. Parabolic arches were introduced in construction by the Spanish architect Antoni Gaudí, who admired the structural system of Gothic style, but for the buttresses, which he termed “architectural crutches”. The catenary and parabolic arches carry all horizontal thrust to the foundation and so do not need additional elements.

paving

1. a pavement.
2. material for paving.
3. the laying of a pavement.
1. paving, pavement, paving material
usage: material used to pave an area
2. pavement, paving, paved surface
usage: the paved surface of a thoroughfare
3. paving, pavage, application, coating, covering
usage: the act of applying paving materials to an area
4. pave, coat, surface
usage: cover with a material such as stone or concrete to make suitable for vehicle traffic; "pave the roads in the village"

newcastle upon tyne

Newcastle upon Tyne is a city and metropolitan borough of Tyne and Wear, in North East England. Situated on the north bank of the River Tyne, the city developed in the area that was the location of the Roman settlement called Pons Aelius, though it owes its name to the castle built in 1080, by Robert II, Duke of Normandy, the eldest son of William the Conqueror. The city grew as an important centre for the wool trade and it later became a major coal mining area. The port developed in the 16th century and, along with the shipyards lower down the river, was amongst the world''s largest shipbuilding and ship-repairing centres. These industries have since experienced severe decline and closure, and the city today is largely a business and cultural centre, with a particular reputation for nightlife.

Like most cities, Newcastle has a diverse cross section, from areas of poverty to areas of affluence. Among its main icons are Newcastle Brown Ale, a leading brand of beer, Newcastle United F.C., a Premier League team, and the Tyne Bridge. It has hosted the world''s most popular half marathon, the Great North Run, since it began in 1981.

tyne and wear

Prior to its uniform adoption of proportional representation in 1999, the United Kingdom used first-past-the-post for the European elections in England, Scotland and Wales. The European Parliament constituencies used under that system were smaller than the later regional constituencies and only had one Member of the European Parliament each.

The constituency of Tyne and Wear was one of them.

When it was created in England in 1984, it consisted of the Westminster Parliament constituencies of Gateshead East, Houghton and Washington, Jarrow, Newcastle-upon-Tyne East, South Shields, Sunderland North, Sunderland South, Tyne Bridge, although this may not have been true for the whole of its existence.